LED, or light-emitting diode, technology, once confined to the tiny red indicator lights on TV remotes, is the next big revolution in the consumer electronics industry.
LED, or light-emitting diode, has come a long way since its first discovery in the early 1900s. Back in the 1970s, manufacturers used LED as a status indicator on consumer electronic products (yes, the red little dot on your watches and TV remotes) or alphanumeric display on calculators. LED technology has since evolved to offer more colours and higher brightness, diversifying its application especially in the lighting world. With more colours – green, yellow, orange, blue and white, to name a few – LED has made its way to don traffic lights, billboards, signages and vehicle dashboards. In tech gadgets, LED is used as light source in projectors and backlight in notebook computers.
Increasing usage
LED usage has gone up worldwide as the technology allows manufacturers to advance their products by offering slimmer and brighter models.
“Edge-lit LED backlighting helps reduce the depth of products and upsell the slimness factor,” says Wee Teck Loo, head of global consumer electronics research, Euromonitor International.
Notebook makers also use LED as backlighting to reduce the thickness of the machines and get longer battery life. Acer, for example, has refreshed its Aspire One range and launched the LED-backlit netbook D250 in Malaysia.
Apple’s new iPad tablet has a touch-screen that uses LED as backlighting,
and this is touted as a key selling
point.
LED usage goes beyond consumer electronics. Audi, for example, uses LED daytime-running lights to improve visibility so its cars can be quickly seen by motorists to avoid potential road accidents.
Wider appeal
As prices of the LED modules fall, what was once traditionally a backlighting technology for high-end displays, is now going mainstream.
“In the PC monitor space across the Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan) over the last three quarters, we have seen this market grow in excess of 150 per cent quarter-on-quarter.
“There are advantages of more uniform lighting across the monitor, longer-lasting backlight, so the monitor lifecycle can be extended and power consumption lowered,” says Reuben Tan, senior manager for personal systems research, IDC Asia-Pacific.
He sees more end users jumping onto the LED bandwagon when pricing of LED-backlit monitors falls to as low as that for their traditional CCFL, or cold cathode fluorescent lamp, counterpart.
“For higher-end desktops (such as gaming machines) or workstation bundles, this could happen this year, or as an upsell to regular monitors,” he says.
LED application
Mobile phones
Due to its durability, small size and high luminous efficiency, LED is practical in mobile devices such as phones. The backlighting in phones such as in keypads and panels uses low-power white LEDs. Some phone models feature a flash light mechanism which uses multiple LEDs that are connected to give brighter illumination.
Apart from white LEDs, RGB (red, green and blue wavelengths) LEDs are used to enhance phone aesthetics. With a combination of colours, RGB LEDs may be used as a blinking light for incoming messages or calls.
Notebook computers
The popularity of notebooks came about mainly because of their light weight, advanced features and handy size. A key driving technology behind such miniaturisation is LED lighting.
Apart from efficient illumination in monitor displays, LED lights need little battery upload, giving notebooks additional energy for other functions. Not only that, the LED driver provides flexibility in implementation of programs, synchronisation with other applications, and advanced safety features that help redefine the functionality of a notebook.
Digital cameras
The efficiency of LED is needed in the flash fucntion of digital cameras so clear photos can be taken. The industry is keeping up with this demand by providing flash LED drivers, display backlight drivers and lighting management units.
Digital cameras also now come with high zoom capability and impressive features even for night photography. This is made possible by high-power LEDs (one watt) used in camera phones to back up picture taking in dark environments.
What’s more, LED lighting uses minimal power.
Automotive lighting
LED can greatly reduce accidents, especially at night, since it offers steady, bright illumination over a long distance. This gives the driver of oncoming traffic more time to react and avoid a collision, especially rear-end crashes.
Also, LED, unlike incandescent and other automotive lighting types, does not break and is shock-resistant.
Personal navigation devices
Consumers have moved from standalone GPS receivers to personal navigation devices to get around in unfamiliar territory. Just like in mobile phones and PDAs, LED has made the backlighting in display panels as well as indicator and keypad lights clearer and brighter.
Personal media devices
Among the many personal media devices within the consumer electronics industry, the PDA is the most popular. It not only helps you keep track of your schedules, but also let you send and receive e-mail or used as an Internet phone.
Like MP3 players and handheld gaming consoles, modern PDAs that use LED lighting in their monitor panels and keyboards have been able to reduce their bulk considerably. Coupled with efficient energy use and brighter displays, it is little wonder that such devices are getting more popular.
Printers and multi-functional devices
In the printer and multi-function device market, LED helps enhance performance and cut energy use.
With advanced exposure control technology such as Digitally Enhanced Lighting Control Imaging System, LED printheads can achieve a consistent high print resolution (1,200 by 2,400 dots per inch), resolving the conventional laser printhead limitations. LED printheads also use 45 per cent less energy.
LEDs are also used as a scanner’s light source. Scanners using high-intensity LED light source can achieve up to 1.5 times brighter scans than conventional scanner lamps. LED also allows scanners to use two-thirds less energy with improved scanning precision and speed.
Three key benefits
• Technologically advanced
LEDs consume less power at the same level of brightness compared to conventional lighting. For example, a red traffic light signal head with 196 LEDs consume 10 watts compared to incandescent light which uses 150W. They are also smaller, so they can be used in smaller and lighter devices.
• Benefits to consumers
LEDs are cooler to the touch after significant periods of operation compared to existing incandescent bulbs. They produce a clear white light (more like a fluorescent tube) rather than the warm yellow light from an incandescent bulb.
• Long-term savings
LEDs last up to 100 times longer than an incandescent bulb and use up to 80 per cent less energy to produce a comparable amount of light. Efficiency ensures 82 to 93 per cent savings in terms of operational and maintenance costs. LEDs also have a long life, about 100,000 hours, as they are stronger than an incandescent bulb and harder to break.